Uburenganzira bw'abana

Abana bafite uburenganzira bwo kumenya ababyeyi babo bombi. Ababyeyi bategekwa kurinda abana babo ihohoterwa ryo mu mutwe no ku mubiri ndetse n’iterabwoba.

Abana bagomba guhabwa uburere bujyanye nubushobozi bwabo ninyungu zabo. Ababyeyi bagomba kugisha inama abana babo mbere yo gufata ibyemezo bibareba. Abana bagomba guhabwa ijambo rikomeye uko bakura kandi bagakura.

Impanuka nyinshi zirimo abana bari munsi yimyaka 5 zibera murugo. Ibidukikije bifite umutekano hamwe nubugenzuzi bwababyeyi bigabanya cyane amahirwe yimpanuka mumyaka yambere yubuzima. Kugira ngo wirinde impanuka zikomeye, ababyeyi n’abandi bita ku bana bakeneye kumenya isano iri hagati yimpanuka niterambere ryumubiri, imitekerereze, n amarangamutima byabana kuri buri kigero. Abana ntibakuze kugirango basuzume kandi bahangane n’ingaruka ku bidukikije kugeza ku myaka 10-12.

Abana bafite imyaka 13-18 bagomba kubahiriza amabwiriza yababyeyi babo, bakubaha ibitekerezo byabandi kandi bakubahiriza amategeko. Abakiri bato bakuze bafite ubumenyi mu by'amategeko, ubwo ni uburenganzira bwo kwihitiramo ibibazo byabo bwite bijyanye n’imari n’umuntu ku giti cye, bafite imyaka 18. Ibi bivuze ko bashinzwe imitungo yabo kandi bashobora guhitamo aho bashaka gutura, ariko bakabura uburenganzira bwo gutungwa n’ababyeyi babo.

Abana bafite imyaka 6-16 bagomba kwiga amashuri abanza. Kwitabira ishuri ku gahato ni ubuntu. Amashuri abanza arangirana nibizamini, nyuma birashoboka gusaba amashuri yisumbuye. Kwiyandikisha mu gihe cyizuba mumashuri yisumbuye bibera kumurongo kandi igihe ntarengwa ni muri kamena buri mwaka. Kwiyandikisha kwabanyeshuri mugihe cyimpeshyi bikorwa haba mwishuri cyangwa kumurongo.

Amakuru atandukanye kumashuri yihariye, amashami adasanzwe, gahunda yo kwiga nubundi buryo bwo kwiga kubana bamugaye nabakuze bato urashobora kubisanga kurubuga rwa Menntagátt .

Abana biga ku gahato barashobora gukoreshwa gusa mubikorwa byoroheje. Abana bari munsi yimyaka cumi n'itatu barashobora kwitabira ibirori byumuco nubuhanzi, siporo nakazi ko kwamamaza kandi babiherewe uruhushya nubuyobozi bushinzwe umutekano w’ubuzima n’ubuzima.

Abana bafite imyaka 13-14 barashobora gukoreshwa mubikorwa byoroheje bidafatwa nkibyago cyangwa bigoye kumubiri. Abafite imyaka 15-17 barashobora gukora amasaha umunani kumunsi (amasaha mirongo ine mucyumweru) mugihe cyibiruhuko. Abana hamwe nabakuze ntibashobora gukora nijoro.

Amakomine manini menshi akora amashuri yakazi cyangwa gahunda zakazi zurubyiruko ibyumweru bike buri mpeshyi kubanyeshuri biga mumashuri abanza (bafite imyaka 13-16).

Umuvunyi Mukuru w’abana muri Isilande ashyirwaho na Minisitiri w’intebe. Uruhare rwabo ni ukurinda no guteza imbere inyungu, uburenganzira, nibikenewe byabana bose bari munsi yimyaka 18 muri Islande.

Muri Isilande, hashyizweho itegeko rishya rigamije gushyigikira imibereho myiza y'abana. Ryiswe Itegeko rigenga serivisi zihuriweho mu nyungu z'iterambere ry'abana — rizwi kandi nk'Itegeko rigenga iterambere.

Iri tegeko ryemeza ko abana n'imiryango batazimira hagati y'uburyo butandukanye cyangwa ngo bahabwe serivisi bonyine. Buri mwana afite uburenganzira bwo kubona ubufasha akeneye, igihe abukeneye.

Kubona ubufasha bukwiye rimwe na rimwe bishobora kugorana, kandi iri tegeko rigamije koroshya uburyo serivisi zikwiye zitangwa, ku gihe gikwiye, n'abahanga babikwiye. Abana n'ababyeyi bashobora gusaba serivisi zihujwe ku rwego rw'amashuri yose, binyuze muri serivisi z'imibereho myiza, cyangwa mu mavuriro.

Uturere two muri Isilande dufite inshingano zo kurengera abana kandi tugomba gukurikiza amategeko y’igihugu arengera abana. Serivisi zo kurengera abana ziraboneka mu turere twose. Inshingano zabo ni ugushyigikira abana n’ababyeyi bahura n’ibibazo bikomeye no kurinda umutekano n’imibereho myiza y’umwana.

Abakozi bashinzwe kurengera abana ni abanyamwuga bahuguwe by’umwihariko, akenshi bafite ubumenyi mu bijyanye n’imibereho myiza y’abaturage, imitekerereze y’abantu, cyangwa uburezi. Iyo bibaye ngombwa, bashobora kubona ubufasha n’ubuyobozi bw’inyongera buturutse ku Kigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe Abana n’Imiryango (Barna- og fjölskyldustofa), cyane cyane mu manza zikomeye.

Mu bihe bimwe na bimwe, inama njyanama z'uturere zo mu gace zifite ububasha bwo gufata ibyemezo byemewe mu bijyanye no kurengera abana.

Dukurikije itegeko rirengera abana ryo muri Iceland , buri wese afite inshingano zo gutanga raporo iyo akeka ko umwana akorerwa ihohoterwa, ihohoterwa cyangwa atuye mu buryo budakwiye. Ibi bigomba kumenyeshwa polisi binyuze mu kigo cyita ku buzima bw’abaturage gifite umubare 112 cyangwa komite ishinzwe imibereho myiza y’abana yo mu gace batuyemo .

Intego y'Itegeko rirengera Umwana ni ukureba neza ko abana baba mu mimerere idakwiye cyangwa abana bashyira ubuzima bwabo mu kaga n'iterambere ryabo bahabwa ubufasha bukenewe. Itegeko rirengera Umwana rireba abana bose bari mu butaka bwa Leta ya Isilande.

Itegeko ryo muri Isilande rivuga igihe abana bari hagati ya 0 na 16 bashobora kumara hanze nimugoroba badakurikiranwa n'umuntu mukuru. Aya mategeko agamije gutuma abana bakurira ahantu hatekanye kandi hafite ubuzima bwiza kandi basinziriye bihagije.

Muri Isilande, nta mategeko ahari avuga imyaka abana bashobora kuguma mu rugo bonyine cyangwa igihe bagomba kumara.

Ababyeyi bagomba guhitamo icyagirira umwana akamaro. Ibi bishingiye ku Itegeko ry'Abana n'Itegeko rirengera Abana .

Mu gihe cyo gufata icyemezo, ababyeyi bagomba gutekereza kuri ibi bikurikira:

• Imyaka n'ubukure bw'umwana
• Niba umwana yumva afite umutekano kandi afite ubushake
• Niba urugo rufite umutekano
• Niba hari abantu bakuru hafi aho bashobora kugufasha

Ni byiza gutangirira ku gihe gito hanyuma ukongera buhoro buhoro niba umwana abyitwayemo neza.
Abana bato cyane ntibagomba gusigara bonyine. Ibi bibaye, bishobora kuba ngombwa ko bishyikirizwa serivisi zishinzwe kurengera abana.

Niba utazi neza niba ikibazo runaka gikwiye kumenyeshwa inzego zishinzwe kurengera abana, ugomba kuvugana n'inzego zishinzwe kurengera abana kugira ngo bakugire inama.

Abana bafite imyaka cumi n'ibiri cyangwa irenga bagomba gusohoka kumugaragaro nyuma ya 20h00 niba baherekejwe nabakuze.

Kuva ku ya 1 Gicurasi kugeza 1 Nzeri, barashobora gusohoka kumugaragaro kugeza 22h00. Imyaka ntarengwa kuriyi ngingo yerekeza ku mwaka wavutse, ntabwo ari umunsi wavukiye.

Hano urahasanga amakuru yerekeye amasaha yo hanze kubana mu ndimi esheshatu. Amategeko muri Isilande avuga igihe abana bafite hagati yimyaka 0-16 bashobora kuba hanze nimugoroba batagenzuwe nabakuze. Aya mategeko agamije kwemeza ko abana bazakurira ahantu heza kandi heza bafite ibitotsi bihagije.

Abana bafite imyaka 13 kugeza 16, batajyanye nabakuze, ntibashobora kuba hanze nyuma ya 22h00, keretse iyo batahutse bava mubirori bizwi byateguwe nishuri, ishyirahamwe ryimikino, cyangwa club yurubyiruko.

Mugihe cyo kuva 1 Gicurasi kugeza 1 Nzeri, abana bemerewe kuguma hanze amasaha abiri yiyongera, cyangwa kugeza saa sita zijoro. Imyaka ntarengwa kuriyi ngingo yerekeza ku mwaka wavutse, ntabwo ari umunsi wavutse.

Kubijyanye no gukora, abakuze bato, muri rusange, ntibemerewe gukora imirimo irenze ubushobozi bwumubiri cyangwa imitekerereze cyangwa irimo ingaruka kubuzima bwabo. Bakeneye kumenyera ibintu bishobora guteza akaga aho bakorera bishobora guhungabanya ubuzima bwabo n’umutekano, bityo bakaba bakeneye inkunga n’amahugurwa akwiye. Soma byinshi kubyerekeye Urubyiruko Kumurimo.

Gutotezwa bisubirwamo cyangwa guhora gutotezwa cyangwa urugomo, haba kumubiri cyangwa mumutwe, numuntu umwe cyangwa benshi barwanya undi. Gutotezwa birashobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye ku wahohotewe.

Gutotezwa bibaho hagati yumuntu nitsinda cyangwa hagati yabantu babiri. Gutotezwa birashobora kuba amagambo, imibereho, ibintu, ubwenge ndetse numubiri. Irashobora gufata uburyo bwo guhamagara izina, amazimwe, cyangwa inkuru zitari ukuri zerekeye umuntu cyangwa gushishikariza abantu kwirengagiza abantu bamwe. Gutotezwa bikubiyemo no gushinyagurira umuntu inshuro nyinshi kubera isura, uburemere, umuco, idini, ibara ryuruhu, ubumuga, nibindi. ishuri cyangwa umuryango. Gutotezwa birashobora kandi kugira ingaruka zangiza burundu uwabikoze.

Ni inshingano z'ishuri kwitabira gutotezwa, kandi amashuri abanza menshi yashyizeho gahunda y'ibikorwa n'ingamba zo gukumira.