Amalungelo Ezingane

Izingane zinelungelo lokwazi bobabili abazali bazo. Abazali banesibopho sokuvikela izingane zabo ebudloveni obungokwengqondo nomzimba nakwezinye izinsongo.

Izingane kufanele zithole imfundo ehambisana namakhono nezithakazelo zazo. Abazali kufanele baxoxe nezingane zabo ngaphambi kokuthatha izinqumo ezibathintayo. Izingane kufanele zinikezwe izwi elikhulu njengoba zikhula futhi zivuthwa.

Izingozi eziningi ezibandakanya izingane ezineminyaka engaphansi kwemihlanu zenzeka ekhaya. Indawo ephephile kanye nokugadwa kwabazali kunciphisa kakhulu amathuba ezingozi eminyakeni yokuqala yokuphila. Ukuze bavimbele izingozi ezimbi, abazali nabanye abanakekela izingane kudingeka bazi ukuthi izingozi zihlobene kanjani nokukhula ngokomzimba, ngokwengqondo, nangokomzwelo kwezingane eminyakeni yobudala ngayinye. Izingane azinakho ukuvuthwa kokuhlola nokubhekana nezingozi endaweni ezungezile kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-10-12.

Izingane ezineminyaka engu-13-18 kufanele zilalele iziqondiso zabazali bazo, zihloniphe imibono yabanye futhi zigcine umthetho. Intsha yabantu abadala ithola ukufaneleka kwezomthetho, okuyilungelo lokuzinqumela izindaba zayo zezimali nezomuntu siqu, lapho ineminyaka engu-18. Lokhu kusho ukuthi inomthwalo wemfanelo wempahla yayo futhi inganquma ukuthi ifuna ukuhlala kuphi, kodwa ilahlekelwa ilungelo lokondliwa ngabazali bayo.

Izingane ezineminyaka engu-6-16 kufanele zifunde imfundo yamabanga aphansi. Ukuya esikoleni okuyimpoqo kumahhala. Izifundo zamabanga aphansi ziphela ngezivivinyo, emva kwalokho kuyenzeka ufake isicelo sesikole samabanga aphezulu. Ukubhaliswa kwethemu yasekwindla ezikoleni zamabanga aphezulu kwenzeka nge-inthanethi futhi umnqamulajuqu ungoJuni unyaka ngamunye. Ukubhaliswa kwabafundi ngesikhathi sasentwasahlobo kwenziwa esikoleni noma ku-inthanethi.

Ulwazi oluhlukahlukene ngezikole ezikhethekile, iminyango ekhethekile, izinhlelo zokufunda nezinye izinketho zokufunda zezingane ezikhubazekile nabantu abadala abasebasha zingatholakala kuwebhusayithi ye-Mentagátt .

Izingane ezisemfundweni eyimpoqo zingaqashwa kuphela emsebenzini olula. Izingane ezineminyaka engaphansi kweshumi nantathu zingabamba iqhaza kuphela emicimbini yamasiko nezobuciko kanye nomsebenzi wezemidlalo nokukhangisa futhi kuphela ngemvume Yokuphathwa Kwezokuphepha Nezempilo Emsebenzini.

Izingane ezineminyaka engu-13-14 zingase ziqashwe emsebenzini omncane ongathathwa njengoyingozi noma oyinselele ngokomzimba. Labo abaneminyaka engu-15-17 bangasebenza amahora afinyelela kwayisishiyagalombili ngosuku (amahora angamashumi amane ngeviki) ngesikhathi samaholide esikole. Izingane nabantu abadala abasebasha kungenzeka bangasebenzi ebusuku.

Omasipala abaningi abakhulu baqhuba izikole zomsebenzi noma izinhlelo zokusebenza zentsha amasonto ambalwa njalo ehlobo zabafundi abadala besikole samabanga aphansi (abaneminyaka eyi-13-16).

I -Ombudsman Yezingane e-Iceland iqokwa nguNdunankulu. Indima yabo ukuqapha nokukhuthaza izintshisekelo, amalungelo, kanye nezidingo zabo bonke abantwana abangaphansi kweminyaka engu-18 e-Iceland.

E-Iceland, kusungulwe umthetho omusha wokusekela inhlalakahle yezingane. Ubizwa ngokuthi uMthetho Wezinsizakalo Ezihlanganisiwe Ngentshisekelo Yokuchuma Kwezingane — owaziwa nangokuthi uMthetho Wokuchuma.

Lo mthetho uqinisekisa ukuthi izingane nemindeni abalahleki phakathi kwezinhlelo ezahlukene noma badinga ukuhamba ngezinsizakalo zabo. Wonke umntwana unelungelo lokuthola usizo aludingayo, uma eludinga.

Ukuthola ukwesekwa okufanele ngezinye izikhathi kungaba nzima, futhi lo mthetho uhlose ukwenza kube lula ngokuqinisekisa ukuthi izinsizakalo ezifanele zinikezwa, ngesikhathi esifanele, ngochwepheshe abafanele. Izingane nabazali bangacela izinsizakalo ezihlanganisiwe kuzo zonke izikole, ngezinsizakalo zomphakathi, noma emitholampilo yezempilo.

Omasipala e-Iceland banesibopho sokuvikela izingane futhi kumele balandele imithetho kazwelonke yokuvikela izingane. Izinsizakalo zokuvikela izingane ziyatholakala kubo bonke omasipala. Umsebenzi wabo ukusekela izingane nabazali ababhekene nezinselele ezinkulu nokuqinisekisa ukuphepha nenhlalakahle yengane.

Izisebenzi zokuvikela izingane zingochwepheshe abaqeqeshwe ngokukhethekile, ngokuvamile abanezizinda zomsebenzi wezenhlalo, wengqondo, noma wemfundo. Uma kudingeka, bangathola ukwesekwa okwengeziwe kanye nesiqondiso esivela kwi-National Agency for Children and Families (Barnaog fjölskyldustofa), ikakhulukazi ezimweni eziyinkimbinkimbi.

Kwezinye izimo, imikhandlu yesifunda yendawo inegunya lokwenza izinqumo ezisemthethweni ezindabeni zokuvikela izingane.

Ngokusho koMthetho Wokuvikelwa Kwezingane wase-Iceland , wonke umuntu unesibopho sokubika uma esola ukuthi ingane ihlukunyezwa, ihlukunyezwa noma ihlala ezimweni ezingamukeleki. Lokhu kufanele kubikwe emaphoyiseni ngenombolo Yezimo Eziphuthumayo Zikazwelonke 112 noma ikomidi lendawo lezenhlalakahle yengane .

Inhloso yoMthetho Wokuvikelwa Kwezingane ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izingane ezihlala ezimweni ezingamukeleki noma izingane ezibeka impilo yazo nentuthuko engozini zithola usizo oludingekayo. UMthetho Wokuvikelwa Kwezingane uhlanganisa zonke izingane ezisendaweni yesifundazwe sase-Iceland.

Umthetho e-Iceland uchaza ukuthi izingane ezineminyaka engu-0-16 zingaba ngaphandle isikhathi esingakanani kusihlwa ngaphandle kokuqashwa kwabantu abadala. Le mithetho ihloselwe ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izingane zizokhulela endaweni ephephile nenempilo futhi zilale ngokwanele.

E-Iceland, ayikho imithetho eshoyo ukuthi izingane zingahlala zodwa emakhaya zineminyaka emingaki noma ukuthi zingahlala isikhathi esingakanani.

Abazali kumele banqume ukuthi yini engcono kakhulu enganeni. Lokhu kusekelwe kuMthetho Wezingane kanye noMthetho Wokuvikela Ingane .

Lapho benquma, abazali kufanele bacabange ngalokhu:

• Ubudala bomntwana kanye nokuvuthwa kwakhe
• Uma ingane izizwa iphephile futhi izimisele
• Uma ikhaya liphephile
• Uma kukhona abantu abadala eduze abangasiza

Kungcono ukuqala ngezikhathi ezimfushane bese wandisa kancane uma ingane ikwazi ukuphatha kahle.
Izingane ezincane kakhulu akufanele zishiywe zodwa. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, kungadingeka kubikwe ezikhungweni zokuvikela izingane.

Uma ungaqiniseki ukuthi isimo kufanele sibikwe yini ezinsizeni zokuvikela izingane, kufanele uxhumane nokuvikelwa kwezingane ukuze uthole iseluleko.

Izingane ezineminyaka eyishumi nambili noma ngaphansi kufanele zibe sesidlangalaleni kuphela ngemva kuka-20:00 uma ziphelezelwa abantu abadala.

Kusukela mhla lu-1 kuNhlaba kuya kumhla lu-1 kuMandulo, bangase baphume esidlangalaleni kuze kube u-22:00. Imikhawulo yobudala yalesi silungiselelo ibhekisela onyakeni wokuzalwa, hhayi osukwini lokuzalwa.

Lapha uthola ulwazi mayelana namahora angaphandle wezingane ngezilimi eziyisithupha. Umthetho e-Iceland uthi izingane ezineminyaka engu-0-16 zingaba isikhathi esingakanani ngaphandle kusihlwa ngaphandle kokugadwa umuntu omdala. Le mithetho kuhloswe ngayo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izingane zizokhulela endaweni ephephile nenempilo enobuthongo obanele.

Izingane ezineminyaka engu-13 kuya ku-16, zingaphelezelwa abantu abadala, zingase zingabi ngaphandle ngemva kuka-22:00, ngaphandle kwalapho zisendleleni egodukayo evela emcimbini owaziwayo ohlelwa isikole, inhlangano yezemidlalo, noma iklabhu yentsha.

Phakathi nenkathi esukela mhla lu-1 kuNhlaba kuya kumhla lu-1 kuMandulo, izingane zivunyelwe ukuba zihlale ngaphandle amahora amabili engeziwe, noma kuze kube phakathi kwamabili. Imikhawulo yobudala yalesi silungiselelo ibhekisela onyakeni wokuzalwa, hhayi osukwini lokuzalwa.

Mayelana nokusebenza, abantu abadala abasebasha ngokuvamile abavunyelwe ukwenza umsebenzi ongaphezu kwamandla abo ngokomzimba noma ngokwengqondo noma ofaka ubungozi empilweni yabo. Kudingeka bazijwayeze ngezinto eziyingozi endaweni yokusebenza ezingabeka impilo nokuphepha kwabo engozini, ngakho-ke badinga ukuhlinzekwa ngosizo nokuqeqeshwa okufanele. Funda kabanzi mayelana nentsha esebenzayo.

Ubuxhwanguxhwangu kuwukuhlukunyezwa okuphindaphindiwe noma okuqhubekayo noma ubudlova, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ngokomzimba noma ngokwengqondo, umuntu oyedwa noma ngaphezulu komunye noma ngaphezulu. Ukuxhashazwa kungaba nemiphumela emibi kakhulu kulowo ohlukunyeziwe.

Ukuhlukumeza kwenzeka phakathi komuntu neqembu noma phakathi kwabantu ababili. Ukuhlukunyezwa kungaba ngamazwi, inhlalo, izinto ezibonakalayo, ngokwengqondo nangokomzimba. Kungathatha uhlobo lokuthukana, inhlebo, noma izindaba ezingelona iqiniso ngomuntu othile noma ukukhuthaza abantu ukuba bashaye indiva abantu abathile. Ubuxhwanguxhwangu buhlanganisa nokugcona umuntu ngokuphindaphindiwe ngenxa yokubukeka kwakhe, isisindo, isiko, inkolo, ibala lesikhumba, ukukhubazeka, njll. Umuntu ohlukunyeziwe angase azizwe engamukelekile futhi ekhishwa inyumbazane eqenjini, angenakho okunye angakwenza ngaphandle kokuba ingxenye yalo, isibonelo, ikilasi lesikole noma umndeni. Ubuqhwaga bungaba nemiphumela elimaza unomphela kumenzi wobubi.

Kungumsebenzi wezikole ukubhekana nobuxhwanguxhwangu, futhi izikole eziningi zamabanga aphansi zenze izinhlelo zokwenza kanye nezindlela zokuvimbela.